Bodien, Y.G., Allanson, J., Cardone, P., Bonhomme, A. Carmona, J., Chatelle, C., Chennu, S., Conte, M.M., Dehaene, S., Finoia, P., Heinonen, G., Hersh, J., Kamau, E., Lawrence. P., Lupson, V.C., Meydan, A., Rohaut, B., Sanders, W.R., Sitt, J.D., Soddu, A., Valente, M., Velazquez, A., Vrosgou, A., Claassen, J., Edlow, B.L., Fins, J.J., Gosseries, O., Laureys, S., Menon, D., Naccache, L., Owen, A.M., Pickard, J., Stamatakis, E.A., Thibaut, A., Victor, J.D., Voss, H.U., Giacino, J.T., Bagiella, E., and Schiff, N.D. (2024) Cognitive motor dissociation is prevalent in disorders of consciousness: A multinational study. N Engl J Med 2024;391:598-608. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400645
PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2024) Toward an interventional science of recovery after coma. Neuron 112, 1595-1610
Abstract and summary

Schiff, N.D., Giacino, J.T., Butson, C.R., Choi, E.Y., Baker, J.L., O'Sullivan, K.P., Janson, A.P., Bergin, M., Bronte-Stewart, H.M., Chua, J., DeGeorge, L., Dikmen, S., Fogarty, A., Gerber, L.M., Krel, M., Maldonado, J., Radovan, M., Shah, S.A., Su, J., Temkin, N., Tourdias, T., Victor, J.D., Waters, A., Kolakowsky-Hayner, S.A., Fins, J.J., Machado, A.G., Rutt, B.K. and Henderson, J.M. (2023) Thalamic deep brain stimulation in traumatic brain injury: A phase 1, randomized feasibility study. Nat Med 29(12): 3162-3174.
PMC

Annen, J., Frasso, G., van der Lande, G.J.M., Bonin, E.A.C., Vitello, M.M., Panda, R., Sala, A., Cavaliere, C., Raimondo, F., Bahri, M.A., Schiff, N.D., Gosseries, O., Thibaut, A. and Laureys, S. (2023) Cerebral electrometabolic coupling in disordered and normal states of consciousness. Cell Rep 42(8): 112854.
Europe PMC

Baker, J.L., Toth, R., Deli, A., Zamora, M., Fleming, J.E., Benjaber, M., Goerzen, D., Ryou, J.W., Purpura, K.P., Schiff, N.D. and Denison, T. (2023) Regulation of arousal and performance of a healthy non-human primate using closed-loop central thalamic deep brain stimulation. Int IEEE EMBS Conf Neural Eng 2023: 10123754.
PMC

Diserens, K., Meyer, I.A., Johr, J., Pincherle, A., Dunet, V., Pozeg, P., Ryvlin, P., Muresanu, D.F., Stevens, R.D. and Schiff, N.D. (2023) A focus on subtle signs and motor behavior to unveil awareness in unresponsive brain-impaired patients: The importance of being clinical. Neurology 100(24): 1144-1150.
PMC

Fins, J.J., Wright, M.S., Shulman, K.S., Henderson, J.M. and Schiff, N.D. (2023) Subject and family perspectives from the central thalamic deep brain stimulation trial for traumatic brain injury: Part II.Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics: 1-24.
DOI

Jaywant, A., Blunt, E., Jamison, K., Kim, N., RoyChoudhury, A., Schiff, N.D., Kuceyeski, A., Dams-O'Connor, K. and Shah, S. (2023) Association between the attention network test, neuropsychological measures, and disability in post-acute traumatic brain injury. Neurotrauma Rep 4(1): 318-329.
PMC

Kim, N., Jamison, K., Jaywant, A., Garetti, J., Blunt, E., RoyChoudhury, A., Butler, T., Dams-O'Connor, K., Khedr, S., Chen, C.C., Shetty, T., Winchell, R., Hill, N.J., Schiff, N.D., Kuceyeski, A. and Shah, S.A. (2023) Comparisons of electrophysiological markers of impaired executive attention after traumatic brain injury and in healthy aging. Neuroimage 274: 120126.
Europe PMC

Michaelson, N.M., Schiff, N.D. and Bernat, J.L. (2023) Fred Plum (1924-2010). J Neurol 270(3): 1811-1812.
PMC

Nemirovsky, I.E., Popiel, N.J.M., Rudas, J., Caius, M., Naci, L., Schiff, N.D., Owen, A.M. and Soddu, A. (2023) An implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI. Commun Biol 6(1): 692.
Europe PMC

Jain, P., Conte, M.M., Voss,H.U., Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2023) Low-level language processing in brain-injured patients. Brain Communications 5, fcad094 doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad094.
Abstract, download, and supplement

Bibineyshvili, Y., Schiff, N.D. and Calderon, D.P. (2022) Dexmedetomidine-mediated sleep phase modulation ameliorates motor and cognitive performance in a chronic blast-injured mouse model. Front Neurol 13: 1040975.
PMC

Bodien, Y.G., Katz, D.I., Schiff, N.D. and Giacino, J.T. (2022) Behavioral assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Semin Neurol 42(3): 249-258.

Forgacs, P.B., Allen, B.B., Wu, X., Gerber, L.M., Boddu, S., Fakhar, M., Stieg, P.E., Schiff, N.D. and Mangat, H.S. (2022) Corticothalamic connectivity in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Relationship with disordered consciousness and clinical outcomes. Neurocrit Care 36(3): 760-771.
PMC

Fridman, E.A. and Schiff, N.D. (2022) Organizing a rational approach to treatments of disorders of consciousness using the anterior forebrain mesocircuit model. J Clin Neurophysiol 39(1): 40-48.
PMC

Kang, Y., Jamison, K., Jaywant, A., Dams-O'Connor, K., Kim, N., Karakatsanis, N.A., Butler, T., Schiff, N.D., Kuceyeski, A. and Shah, S.A. (2022) Longitudinal alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA (a)) receptor availability over approximately 1 year following traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 4(4): fcac159.
PMC

Kim, N., O'Sullivan, J., Olafson, E., Caliendo, E., Nowak, S., Voss, H.U., Lowder, R., Watson, W.D., Ivanidze, J., Fins, J.J., Schiff, N.D., Hill, N.J. and Shah, S.A. (2022) Cognitive-motor dissociation following pediatric brain injury: What about the children? Neurol Clin Pract 12(3): 248-257.
DOI

Kim, N., Watson, W., Caliendo, E., Nowak, S., Schiff, N.D., Shah, S.A. and Hill, N.J. (2022) Objective neurophysiologic markers of cognition after pediatric brain injury. Neurol Clin Pract 12(5): 352-364.
PMC

Qing, K.Y., Forgacs, P.B. and Schiff, N.D. (2022) EEG pattern with spectral analysis can prognosticate good and poor neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest. J Clin Neurophysiol. DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000958
PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2022) Mesocircuit mechanisms in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of consciousness. Presse Med 52(2): 104161.
PMC

Wong, J.K., Deuschl, G., Wolke, R., Bergman, H., Muthuraman, M., Groppa, S., Sheth, S.A., Bronte-Stewart, H.M., Wilkins, K.B., Petrucci, M.N., Lambert, E., Kehnemouyi, Y., Starr, P.A., Little, S., Anso, J., Gilron, R., Poree, L., Kalamangalam, G.P., Worrell, G.A., Miller, K.J., Schiff, N.D., Butson, C.R., Henderson, J.M., Judy, J.W., Ramirez-Zamora, A., Foote, K.D., Silburn, P.A., Li, L., Oyama, G., Kamo, H., Sekimoto, S., Hattori, N., Giordano, J.J., DiEuliis, D., Shook, J.R., Doughtery, D.D., Widge, A.S., Mayberg, H.S., Cha, J., Choi, K., Heisig, S., Obatusin, M., Opri, E., Kaufman, S.B., Shirvalkar, P., Rozell, C.J., Alagapan, S., Raike, R.S., Bokil, H., Green, D. and Okun, M.S. (2022) Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Cutting Edge Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Neuromodulation, Neuroethics, Pain, Interventional Psychiatry, Epilepsy, and Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 16: 813387.
DOI

Schiff, N.D., and Brown, E.N. (2022) Protective down-regulated states in the human brain: A possible lesson from COVID-19. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 119, 46, doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120221119
Abstract, download, and commentaries

Fins, J.J., Wright, M.S., Henderson, J.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2022) Subject and Family Perspectives from the Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Traumatic Brain Injury Study: Part I Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, 419-443.
Abstract

Curley, W.H., Bodien, Y.G., Zhou, D.W., Conte, M.M., Foulkes, A.S., Giacino, J.T., Victor, J.D., Schiff, N.D., and Edlow, B.L. (2022) Electrophysiological correlates of thalamocortical function in acute severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex 152, 136-52.
Abstract and download

Waldrop, G., Safavynia, S.A., Barra, M.E., Agarwal, S., Berlin, D.A., Boehme, A.K., Brodie, D., Choi, J.M., Doyle, K., Fins, J.J., Ganglberger, W., Hoffman, K., Mittel, A.M., Roh, D., Mukerji, S.S., Der Nigoghossian, C., Park, S., Schenck, E.J., Salazar-Schicchi, J., Shen, Q., Sholle, E., Velazquez, A.G., Walline, M.C., Westover, M.B., Brown, E.N., Victor, J.D., Edlow, B.L., Schiff, N.D., and Claassen, J. (2022) Prolonged unconsciousness is common in COVID-19 and associated with hypoxemia. Annals of Neurology 91, 740-75. doi: 10.1002/ana.26342.
Abstract and download

Janson, A.P., Baker, J.L., Sani,I., Purpura, K.P., Schiff, N.D., and Butson, C.R. (2021) Selective activation of central thalamic fiber pathway facilitates behavioral performance in healthy non-human primates. Scientific Reports 11, 23054.
Abstract and download

Calderon, D.P. and Schiff, N.D. (2021) Objective and graded calibration of recovery of consciousness in experimental models. Curr Opin Neurol 34(1): 142-149.
PMC

Claassen, J., Akbari, Y., Alexander, S., Bader, M.K., Bell, K., Bleck, T.P., Boly, M., Brown, J., Chou, S.H., Diringer, M.N., Edlow, B.L., Foreman, B., Giacino, J.T., Gosseries, O., Green, T., Greer, D.M., Hanley, D.F., Hartings, J.A., Helbok, R., Hemphill, J.C., Hinson, H.E., Hirsch, K., Human, T., James, M.L., Ko, N., Kondziella, D., Livesay, S., Madden, L.K., Mainali, S., Mayer, S.A., McCredie, V., McNett, M.M., Meyfroidt, G., Monti, M.M., Muehlschlegel, S., Murthy, S., Nyquist, P., Olson, D.M., Provencio, J.J., Rosenthal, E., Sampaio Silva, G., Sarasso, S., Schiff, N.D., Sharshar, T., Shutter, L., Stevens, R.D., Vespa, P., Videtta, W., Wagner, A., Ziai, W., Whyte, J., Zink, E., Suarez, J.I. and Curing Coma, C. (2021) Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness. Neurocrit Care 35(Suppl 1): 4-23.
DOI

Fins, J.J., Wright, M.S., Giacino, J.T., Henderson, J. and Schiff, N.D. (2021) In pursuit of agency ex machina: Expanding the map in severe brain injury. AJOB Neurosci 12(2-3): 200-202.
PMC

Giacino, J.T., Bodien, Y.G., Zuckerman, D., Henderson, J., Schiff, N.D. and Fins, J.J. (2021) Empiricism and rights justify the allocation of health care resources to persons with disorders of consciousness. AJOB Neurosci 12(2-3): 169-171.
PMC

Shah, S.A., Gautam, R., Lowder, R., Mauer, E.A., Carullo, R.B., Parlatore, D.E., Gerber, L.M., Schiff, N.D. and Traube, C. (2021) Quantitative electroencephalographic markers of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit: Insights from a heterogenous convenience sample. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 33(3): 219-224.
PMC

Yao, L., Baker, J.L., Schiff, N.D., Purpura, K.P., Shoaran M. (2021) Predicting task performance from biomarkers of mental fatigue in global brain activity. J Neural Eng. 2021 Mar 8;18(3):10.1088/1741-2552/abc529.
Abstract and download

Edlow, B.L., Claassen, J., Schiff, N.D., and Greer, D.M. (2021) Recovery from disorders of consciousness: mechanisms, prognosis and emerging therapies. Nature Reviews Neurology 17, 135-156.
Abstract and download

Comanducci, A., Boly, M., Claassen, J., De Lucia, M., Gibson, R.M., Juan, E., Laureys, S., Naccache, L., Owen, A.M., Rosanova, M., Rossetti, A.O., Schnakers, C., Sitt, J.D., Schiff, N.D. and Massimini, M. (2020) Clinical and advanced neurophysiology in the prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of disorders of consciousness: Review of an IFCN-endorsed expert group. Clin Neurophysiol 131(11): 2736-2765.
PMC

Provencio, J.J., Hemphill, J.C., Claassen, J., Edlow, B.L., Helbok, R., Vespa, P.M., Diringer, M.N., Polizzotto, L., Shutter, L., Suarez, J.I., Stevens, R.D., Hanley, D.F., Akbari, Y., Bleck, T.P., Boly, M., Foreman, B., Giacino, J.T., Hartings, J.A., Human, T., Kondziella, D., Ling, G.S.F., Mayer, S.A., McNett, M., Menon, D.K., Meyfroidt, G., Monti, M.M., Park, S., Pouratian, N., Puybasset, L., Rohaut, B., Rosenthal, E.S., Schiff, N.D., Sharshar, T., Wagner, A., Whyte, J., Olson, D.M. and Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma, C. (2020) The curing Coma Campaign: Framing initial scientific challenges --Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign Scientific Advisory Council Meeting. Neurocrit Care 33(1): 1-12.
Europe PMC

Xu, J., Galardi, M.M., Pok, B., Patel, K.K., Zhao, C.W., Andrews, J.P., Singla, S., McCafferty, C.P., Feng, L., Musonza, E.T., Kundishora, A.J., Gummadavelli, A., Gerrard, J.L., Laubach, M., Schiff, N.D. and Blumenfeld, H. (2020) Thalamic stimulation improves postictal cortical arousal and behavior. J Neurosci 40(38): 7343-7354.
Europe PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2020) Central lateral thalamic nucleus stimulation awakens cortex via modulation of cross-regional, laminar-specific activity during general anesthesia. Neuron 106, 1-3.
Summary

Edlow, B.L., Claassen, J., Victor, J.D., Brown, E.N., and Schiff, N.D. (2020) Delayed reemergence of consciousness in survivors of severe COVID-19. Neurocritical Care, 33, 627–629.
Brief summary and download

Gottshall, J.L., and Rossi Sebastiano, D. (2020) Sleep in disorders of consciousness: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations/ Curr. Opin. Neurol. 33, 684-690.
Abstract and download

Forgacs, P.B., Devinsky, O., and Schiff, N.D. (2020) Independent functional outcomes after prolonged coma following cardiac arrest: a mechanistic hypothesis Ann Neurol. 87, 618-632.
Abstract and download

Sekar, K., Schiff, N.D., Labar, D.R., Forgacs, P.B. (2019) Spectral content of electroencephalographic burst-suppression patterns may reflect neuronal recovery in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 36, 119-126.
Abstract and download

Fridman, E.A., Osborne, J.R, Mozley, P.D., Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2019) Presynaptic dopamine deficit in minimally conscious state patients following traumatic brain injury. Brain 142, 1887-1893.
Abstract and download

Reshef, E.R., Schiff, N.D. and Brown, E.N. (2019) A neurologic examination for anesthesiologists: Assessing arousal level during induction, maintenance, and emergence. Anesthesiology 130(3): 462-471.
PMC

Sanz, L.R.D., Lejeune, N., Blandiaux, S., Bonin, E., Thibaut, A., Stender, J., Farber, N.M., Zafonte, R.D., Schiff, N.D., Laureys, S. and Gosseries, O. (2019) Treating disorders of consciousness with apomorphine: Protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial using multimodal assessments. Front Neurol 10: 248.
PMC

Giacino, J.T., Katz, D.I., Schiff, N.D., Whyte, J., Ashman, E.J., Ashwal, S., Barbano, R., Hammond, F.M., Laureys, S., Ling, G.S.F., Nakase-Richardson, R., Seel, R.T., Yablon, S., Getchius, T.S.D., Gronseth, G.S. and Armstrong, M.J. (2018) Practice guideline update recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research.Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99(9): 1699-1709 and Neurology 91(10): 450-460.
PMC

Gottshall, J.L., Adams, Z.M., Forgacs, P.B., and Schiff, N.D. (2019) Daytime central thalmaic deep brain stmiulati modulates sleep dynamics in the severely injured brain: mechanistic insights and a novel framework for alpha-delta sleep generation. Frontiers in Neurology, doi: 10.3389/neur.2019.00020.
Abstract, download, and supplement

Curley, W.H., Forgacs, P.B., Voss, H.U., Conte, M.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2018) Characterization of EEG signals revealing covert cognition in the injured brain. Brain 141,1404-1421.
Abstract, download, and commentary

Giacino, J.T., Katz, D.I., Schiff, N.D., Whyte, J., Ashman, E.J., Ashwal, S., Barbano, R., Hammond, F.M., Laureys, S., Ling, G.S.F., Nakase-Richardson, R., Seel, R.T., Yablon, S., Getchius, T.S.D., Gronseth, G.S. and Armstrong, M.J. (2018) Comprehensive systematic review update summary: Disorders of consciousness: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy Of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99(9): 1710-1719 and Neurology 91(10): 461-470.
PMC

Ratan, R.R. and Schiff, N.D. (2018) Protecting and repairing the brain: Central and peripheral strategies define the new rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Curr Opin Neurol 31(6): 669-671.
PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2018) Resolving the role of the paramedian thalamus in forebrain arousal mechanisms. Ann Neurol 84(6): 812-813.
PMC

Drover, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2018) A method for decomposing multivariate time series into a causal hierarchy within specific frequency bands. Journal of Computational Neuroscience 45, 59-82.
Abstract and download

Braiman, C., Fridman, E.A., Conte, M.M., Voss, H.U., Reichenbach, C.S., Reichenbach, T., and Schiff, N.D. (2018) Cortical response to the natural speech envelope correlates with neuroimaging evidence of cognition in severe brain injury. Curr Biol. 28, 3833-3839, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.057.
Abstract and download

Schiff, N.D. (2017) Uncovering hidden integrative cerebral function in the intensive care unit. Brain 140, 2259-2262.
Summary and download

Becker, D.A., Schiff, N.D., Becker, L.B., Holmes, M.G., Fins, J.J., Horowitz, J.M. and Devinsky, O. (2017) A major miss in prognostication after cardiac arrest: Burst suppression and brain healing. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 7: 1-5.
DOI

Iotzov, I., Fidali, B.C., Petroni, A., Conte, M.M., Schiff, N.D. and Parra, L.C. (2017) Divergent neural responses to narrative speech in disorders of consciousness. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 4(11): 784-792.
PMC

Kundishora, A.J., Gummadavelli, A., Ma, C., Liu, M., McCafferty, C., Schiff, N.D., Willie, J.T., Gross, R.E., Gerrard, J. and Blumenfeld, H. (2017) Restoring conscious arousal during focal limbic seizures with deep brain stimulation. Cereb Cortex 27(3): 1964-1975.
PMC

Lee, J.H., Kreitzer, A.C., Singer, A.C. and Schiff, N.D. (2017) Illuminating neural circuits: From molecules to MRI. J Neurosci 37(45): 10817-10825.
DOI

Ramirez-Zamora, A., Giordano, J.J., Gunduz, A., Brown, P., Sanchez, J.C., Foote, K.D., Almeida, L., Starr, P.A., Bronte-Stewart, H.M., Hu, W., McIntyre, C., Goodman, W., Kumsa, D., Grill, W.M., Walker, H.C., Johnson, M.D., Vitek, J.L., Greene, D., Rizzuto, D.S., Song, D., Berger, T.W., Hampson, R.E., Deadwyler, S.A., Hochberg, L.R., Schiff, N.D., Stypulkowski, P., Worrell, G., Tiruvadi, V., Mayberg, H.S., Jimenez-Shahed, J., Nanda, P., Sheth, S.A., Gross, R.E., Lempka, S.F., Li, L., Deeb, W. and Okun, M.S. (2017) Evolving applications, technological challenges and future opportunities in neuromodulation: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Deep Bain Stimulation Think Tank. Front Neurosci 11: 734.
DOI

Voss, H.U., Dyke, J.P., Tabelow, K., Schiff, N.D. and Ballon, D.J. (2017) Magnetic resonance advection imaging of cerebrovascular pulse dynamics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37(4): 1223-1235.
DOI

Adams, Z.M. and Fins, J.J. (2017) Penfield's ceiling: Seeing brain injury through Galen's eyes. Neurology 89, 854-858.
Abstract and download

Shah, S.A., Mohamadpour, M., Askin, G., Nakase-Richardson, R., Stokic, D.S., Sherer, M., Yablon, S.A., Schiff, N.D. (2017) Focal electroencephalographic changes index post-traumatic confusion and outcome. J. Neurotrauma 34, 2691-2699.
Abstract and download

Forgacs, P.B., Frey, H.-P., Velazquez, A., Thompson, S., Brodie, D., Moitra, V., Rabani, L, Park, S., Agarwal, S., Falo, M.C., Schiff, N.D., and Claassen, J. (2017) Dynamic regimes of neocortical activity linked to corticothalamic integrity correlate with outcomes in acute anoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Ann Clin. Transl. Neurol. 4, 119-129.
Abstract and download

Shah, S.A., Goldin, Y., Conte, M.M., Goldfine, A.M., Mohamadpour, M., Fidali, B.C., Cicerone, K., and Schiff, N.D. (2017) Executive attention deficits after traumatic brain injury reflect impaired recruitment of resources. Neuroimage: Clinical 14, 233-241.
Abstract, download, and supplements

Thengone, D.J., Voss, H.U, Fridman, E.A., and Schiff, N.D. (2016) Local changes in network structure contribute to late communication recovery after severe brain injury. Science Translational Medicine 8(368), 368re5.
Abstract and download

Kuceyeski, A., Shah, S.A., Dyke, J.P., Bickel,S., Abdelnour,F., Schiff, N.D., Voss, H.U., and Raj,A. (2016) The application of a mathematical model linking structural and functional connectomes in severe brain injury. NeuroImage: Clinical 11, 635-647.
Abstract and download

Claassen, J., Velazquez, A., Meyers, E., Witsch, J., Falo, M.C., Park, S., Agarwal, S., Michael Schmidt, J., Schiff, N.D., Sitt, J.D., Naccache, L., Sander Connolly, E. and Frey, H.P. (2016) Bedside quantitative electroencephalography improves assessment of consciousness in comatose subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Ann Neurol 80(4): 541-553.
Europe PMC

Grinspan, Z.M., Eldar, Y.C., Gopher, D., Gottlieb, A., Lammfromm, R., Mangat, H.S., Peleg, N., Pon, S., Rozenberg, I., Schiff, N.D., Stark, D.E., Yan, P., Pratt, H. and Kosofsky, B.E. (2016) Guiding principles for a pediatric neurology ICU (neuropicu) bedside multimodal monitor: Findings from an international working group. Appl Clin Inform 7(2): 380-398.
Europe PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2016) Central thalamic deep brain stimulation to support anterior forebrain mesocircuit function in the severely injured brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 123(7): 797-806.
PMC

Schiff, N.D. and Fins, J.J. (2016) Brain death and disorders of consciousness. Curr Biol 26(13): R572-R576.
PMC

Soddu, A., Gomez, F., Heine, L., Di Perri, C., Bahri, M.A., Voss, H.U., Bruno, M.A., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Phillips, C., Demertzi, A., Chatelle, C., Schrouff, J., Thibaut, A., Charland-Verville, V., Noirhomme, Q., Salmon, E., Tshibanda, J.F., Schiff, N.D. and Laureys, S. (2016) Correlation between resting state fMRI total neuronal activity and pet metabolism in healthy controls and patients with disorders of consciousness. Brain Behav 6(1): e00424.
DOI

Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2016) In search of hidden minds. Scientific American Mind, November/December, 44-51.
Summary and preprint

Baker, J. L., Ryou, J.-W., Wei, X.F., Butson, C.R., Schiff, N.D., and Purpura, K.P. (2016) Robust modulation of arousal regulation, performance and frontostriatal activity through central thalamic deep brain stimulation in healthy non-human primates. J Neurophysiol. 116, 2383-2404.
Abstract and download

Forgacs, P.B., Fridman, E.A., Goldfine, A.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2016) Isolation syndrome after cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia. Front. Neurosci. 9, 259. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00259.
Abstract and download

Adams, Z.M. and Fins, J.J. (2016) The historical origins of the vegetative state: Received wisdom and the utility of the text. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives 26, 140-153.
Abstract and download

Adams, Z.M., Forgacs, P.B., Conte, M.M., Nauvel, T.J., Drover, J.D., Schiff, N.D. (2016) Late and progressive alterations of sleep dynamics following central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT-DBS) in chronic minimally conscious state. Clinical Neurophysiology. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.06.028.
Introduction and download

Melman, T., and Victor, J.D. (2016) Robust power spectral estimation for EEG data. J. Neurosci. Meth. 268, 14-22.
Abstract and download

Meltzer, B., Reichenbach, C.S., Braiman, C., Schiff, N.D., Hudspeth, A.J., and Reichenbach, T. (2016) The steady-state response of the cerebral cortex to the beat of music reflects both the comprehension of music and attention. Front. Hum. Neurosci. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00436.
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Goldman, S., and Schiff, N.D. (2015) Functional imaging to uncover willful brain behavior in noncommunicative patients. Editorial. Neurology 84, 114-115.
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Forgacs, P.B., Conte, M.M., Fridman, E.A., Voss, H.U., Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2015) A proposed role for routine EEGs in patients with consciousness disorders. Annals of Neurology 77, 185-186.
Parent article for this correspondence and download

Demertzi, A., Antonopoulos, G., Heine, L., Voss, H.U., Crone, J.S., de Los Angeles, C., Bahri, M.A., Di Perri, C., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Charland-Verville, V., Kronbichler, M., Trinka, E., Phillips, C., Gomez, F., Tshibanda, L., Soddu, A., Schiff, N.D., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. and Laureys, S. (2015) Intrinsic functional connectivity differentiates minimally conscious from unresponsive patients. Brain 138(Pt 9): 2619-2631.
PMC

Gummadavelli, A., Motelow, J.E., Smith, N., Zhan, Q., Schiff, N.D. and Blumenfeld, H. (2015) Thalamic stimulation to improve level of consciousness after seizures: Evaluation of electrophysiology and behavior. Epilepsia 56(1): 114-124.
PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2015) Cognitive motor dissociation following severe brain injuries. JAMA Neurol 72(12): 1413-1415.
PMC

Fridman, E.A., and Schiff, N.D. (2014) Neuromodulation of the conscious state following severe brain injuries. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 29,172-177.
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Forgacs, P.B., Conte, M.M., Fridman, E.A., Voss, H.U., Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2014) Preservation of EEG organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging-based evidence of command-following. Annals of Neurology 76, 869-79.
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Fridman, E.A., Beattie, B., Broft, A., Laureys, S., and Schiff, N.D. (2014) Regional cerebral metabolic patterns demonstrate the role of anterior forebrain mesocircuit dysfunction in the severely injured brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6473-6478.
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Giacino, J.T., Fins, J.J., Laureys, S., and Schiff, N.D. (2014) Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: the state of the science. Nature Reviews Neurology 10, 99-114.
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Schiff, N.D., Nauvel, T., and Victor, J.D. (2014) Large-scale brain dynamics in disorders of consciousness. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 25, 7-14.
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Harris, A.L., Elder, J., Schiff, N.D., Victor, J.D., and Goldfine, A.M. (2014) Post-stroke apathy and hypersomnia lead to worse outcomes from acute rehabilitation. Translational Stroke Research 5, 292-300.
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Williams, S.T., Conte, M.M., Goldfine, A.M., Noirhomme, Q., Gosseries, O., Thonnard, M., Beattie, B., Hersh, J., Katz, D.I., Victor, J.D., Laureys, S., and Schiff, N.D. (2013) Common resting brain dynamics indicate a possible mechanism underlying zolpidem response in severely brain-injured subjects. eLife 2013;2:e01157.
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Schiff, N.D. (2013) Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for support of forebrain arousal regulation in the minimally conscious state. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 116 (series 3), 295-306.
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Schiff, N.D. (2013) Making waves in consciousness research. Science Translational Medicine 5, 198fs32.
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Paulson, S., Chalmers, D., Kahneman, D., Santos, L., and Schiff, N.D. (2013) The thinking ape: the enigma of human consciousness. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1303, 4-24.
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Schiff, N.D., Shah, S.A., Hudson, A.E., Nauvel, T., Kalik, S.F., and Purpura, K.P. (2013) Gating of attentional effort through the central thalamus. J. Neurophysiol. 109, 1152-1163.
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Goldfine, A.M., Bardin, J.C., Noirhomme, Q., Fins, J.J., Schiff, N.D., and Victor, J.D. (2013) Reanalysis of "Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state: a cohort study." Lancet 381, 289-291.
Summary, download, and link to further comments

Laureys, S., and Schiff, N.D. (2012) Coma and consciousness: Paradigms (re)framed by neuroimaging. NeuroImage 61, 478-491.
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Leuchter, B., Pedley, T.A., Lisanby, S.H., Mayberg, H.S. and Schiff, N.D. (2012) Brain stimulation in neurology and psychiatry: Perspectives on an evolving field. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1265: vii-x.
PMC

Schiff, N.D. (2012) Dissecting DBS dynamics through quantitative behavioral assessments and statistical modeling: A commentary on Cooper et al. (2011). Exp Neurol 233(2): 747-748.
DOI

Schiff, N.D. (2012) Moving toward a generalizable application of central thalamic deep brain stimulation for support of forebrain arousal regulation in the severely injured brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1265, 56-68.
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Schiff, N.D. (2012) Posterior medial corticothalamic connectivity and consciousness. Annals of Neurology 72, 305-306.
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Goldfine, A.M., Victor, J.D., Conte, M.M., Bardin, J.C., and Schiff, N.D. (2012) Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state (Letter re Cruse et al. (2011)) Lancet, 379, 1701-1702.
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Bardin, J.C., Schiff, N.D., and Voss, H.U. (2012) Pattern classification of volitional functional magnetic resonance imaging responses in patients with severe brain injury. Arch Neurol. 69, 176-181
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Goldfine, A.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) What is the role of brain mechanisms underlying arousal in recovery of motor function after structural brain injuries? Current Opinion in Neurology 24, 564-569.
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Voss, H.U., Heier, L.A., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) Multimodal imaging of recovery of functional networks associated with reversal of paradoxical herniation after cranioplasty. Clinical Imaging 35, 253-258.
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Liu, A. A., Voss, H.U., Dyke, J.P., Heier, L.A., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) Arterial spin labeling and altered cerebral blood flow patterns in the minimally conscious state. Neurology 77, 1518-23.
Abstract, download, and editorial

Goldfine, A.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) Consciousness: Its neurobiology and the major classes of impairment. Neurol. Clin. 29, 723-737.
Summary and download

Goldfine, A.M., Victor, J.D., Conte, M.M., Bardin, J.C., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) Determination of awareness in patients with severe brain injury using EEG power spectral analysis. Clinical Neurophysiology 122, 2157-2168.
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Bardin, J.C., Fins, J.J., Katz, D.I., Hersh, J., Heier, L.A., Tabelow, K., Dykep, J.P., Ballon, D.J., Schiff, N.D., and Voss, H.U.(2011) Dissociations between behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluations of cognitive function after brain injury. Brain 134, 769-782.
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Victor, J.D., Drover, J.D., Conte, M.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2011) Mean-field modeling of thalamocortical dynamics, and a model-driven approach to EEG analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 15631-15638.
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Quinkert, A.W., Vimal, V., Weil, Z.M., Reeke, G.N., Schiff, N.D., Banavar, J.R. and Pfaff, D.W. (2011) Quantitative descriptions of generalized arousal, an elementary function of the vertebrate brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 Suppl 3(Suppl 3): 15617-15623.
PMC

Quinkert, A.W., Schiff, N.D. and Pfaff, D.W. (2010) Temporal patterning of pulses during deep brain stimulation affects central nervous system arousal. Behav Brain Res 214(2): 377-385.
PMC

Rodriguez Moreno, D., Schiff, N.D., Giacino, J., Kalmar, K. and Hirsch, J. (2010) A network approach to assessing cognition in disorders of consciousness. Neurology 75(21): 1871-1878.
PMC

Shah, S.A., and Schiff, N.D. (2010) Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for cognitive neuromodulation -- a review of proposed mechanisms and investigational studies. Eur. J. Neurosci. 32, 1135-1144.
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Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2010) Conflicts of interest in deep brain stimulation research and the ethics of transparency. The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 21, 125-32.
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Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2010) In the blink of the mind's eye The Hastings Center Report, 40, 21-23.
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Schiff, N.D. (2010) Recovery of consciousness after severe brain injury: the role of arousal regulation mechanisms and some speculation on the heart-brain interface. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 77 Suppl 3, S27-33.
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Brown, E.N., Lydic, R., and Schiff, N.D. (2010) General anesthesia, sleep, and coma New Engl. J. Med. 363, 2638-2650
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Drover, J.D., Schiff, N.D., and Victor, J.D. (2010) Dynamics of coupled thalamocortical modules. Journal of Computational Neuroscience 28, 605-616.
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Schiff, N.D., and Laureys, S. (2009) Disorders of consciousness: Preface. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1157, ix-xi.
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Schiff, N.D. (2009) Recovery of consciousness after brain injury: a mesocircuit hypothesis. Trends in Neuroscience 33, 1-9.
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Owen, A.M., Schiff, N.D., and Laureys, S. (2009) A new era of coma and consciousness science. Progress in Brain Research 117, 399-411.
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Shah, S.A., Baker, J.L., Ryou, J.W., Purpura, K.P., and Schiff, N.D. (2009) Modulation of arousal regulation with central thalamic deep brain stimulation. Conf. Proc. IEEE. Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 1, 3314-3317.
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Schiff, N.D. (2009) Central thalamic deep-brain stimulation in the severely injured brain: rationale and proposed mechansims of action. Ann. NY Acad. of Sci. 1157, 101-116.
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Voss, H.U., and Schiff, N.D. (2009) MRI of neuronal network structure, function and plasticity. Progress in Brain Research 175, 483-496.
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Schiff, N.D., Giacino, J.T.,and Fins, J.J. (2009) Deep brain stimulation, neuroethics, and the minimally conscious state: moving beyond proof of principle. Arch Neurol. 66, 697-702.
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Smith, A.C., Shah, S., Hudson, A.E., Purpura, K.P., Victor, J.D., Brown, E.N., and Schiff, N.D. (2009) A Bayesian statistical analysis of behavioral facilitation associated with deep brain stimulation. J. Neurosci. Meth. 183, 267-276.
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Bohland, J.W., Wu, C., Barbas, H., Bokil, H., Bota, M., Breiter, H.C., Cline, H.T., Doyle, J.C., Freed, P.J., Greenspan, R.J., Haber, S.N., Hawrylycz, M., Herrera, D.G., Hilgetag, C.C., Huang, Z.J., Jones, A., Jones, E.G., Karten, H.J., Kleinfeld, D., Kötter, R., Lester, H.A., Lin, J.M., Mensh, B.D., Mikula, S., Panksepp, J., Price, J.L., Safdieh, J., Saper, C.B., Schiff, N.D., Schmahmann, J.D., Stillman, B.W., Svoboda, K., Swanson, L.W., Toga, A.W., Van Essen, D.C., Watson, J.D., Mitra, P.P. (2009) A proposal for a coordinated effort for the determination of brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity in model organisms at a mesoscopic scale. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5(3):e1000334.
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Schiff, N.D. (2008) Central thalamic contributions to arousal regulation and neurological disorders of consciousness. Ann. NY Acad. of Sci. 1129, 105-118.
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Smart, C.M., Giacino, G.T., Cullen, T., Rodriguez-Moreno, D., Hirsch, J., Schiff, N.D., and Gizzi, M. (2008) A case of locked-in syndrome complicated by central deafness. Nature Clin. Pract. Neurol.4, 448-453.
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Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2008) Meeting rigorous statistical standards in case reports. Annals of Neurology 64, 592.
Letter and download

Schiff, N.D., and Fins, J.J. (2007). Deep brain stimulation and cognition: moving from animal to patient. Current Opinion in Neurology 20, 638-642.
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Schiff, N.D. (2007) Bringing neuroimaging tools closer to diagnostic use in the severely injured brain. Brain 130, 2482-2483.
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Schiff, N.D., Giacino, J.T., Kalmar, K., Victor, J.D., Baker, K., Gerber, M., Fritz, B., Eisenberg, B., Biondi, T., O'Connor, J., Kobylarz, E.J., Farris, S., Machado, A., McCagg, C., Plum, F., Fins, J.J., and Rezai, A. R. (2007) Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature 448, 600-603.
Abstract and related material

Fins, J.J., Schiff, N.D., and Foley, K.M. (2007) Late recovery from the minimally conscious state: Ethical and policy implications. Neurology 68, 304-307.
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Schiff, N.D., and Posner, J.B. (2007) Another "awakenings." Annals of Neurology 62, 5-7.
Download this editorial from Annals of Neurology

Schiff, N.D., and Fins, J.J. (2007) Disorders of consciousness. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 82, 250-253.
Download this letter to the Editor from Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2006) Shades of gray: new insights into the vegetative state. Hastings Center Reports 36, 8.

Voss, H.U., Ulug, A.M., Dyke, J.P., Watts, R., Kobylarz, E.J., McCandliss, B.D., Heier, L.A., Beattie, B.J., Hamacher, K.A., Vallabhajosula, S., Goldsmith, S.J., Ballon, D., Giacino, J.T., and Schiff, N.D. (2006) Possible axonal regrowth in late recovery from the minimally conscious state. Journal of Clinical Investigation 116, 2005-2011.
Abstract, download, and commentary

Shirvalkar, P., Seth, M., Schiff, N.D., and Herrera, D.G. (2006) Cognitive enhancement with central thalamic electrical stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 17007-17012.
Abstract and download

Schiff, N.D. (2006) Measurements and models of cerebral function in the severely injured brain. Journal of Neurotrauma 23, 1436-1449.
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Schiff, N.D. (2006) Multimodal neuroimaging approaches to disorders of consciousness. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 21, 388-397.
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Laureys, S., Giacino, J.T., Schiff, N.D., Schabusa, M., and Owen, A.M. (2006) How should functional imaging of patients with disorders of consciousness contribute to their clinical rehabilitation needs? Current Opinion in Neurology 19, 520-527.
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Schiff, N.D. (2005) Modeling the minimally conscious state: measurements of brain function and therapeutic possibilities. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 150, chapter 33. pp. 473-493. Ed: S. E. Laureys. Elsevier.
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Hosain, S.A., Solomon, G.E., and Kobylarz, E. J. (2005) Electroencephalographic patterns in unresponsive pediatric patients. Pediatr. Neurol. 32, 162-165.

Schiff, N.D., Rodriguez-Moreno, D., Kamal, A., Kim, K.H., Giacino, J.T., Plum, F., and Hirsch, J. (2005) fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. Neurology 64, 514-523.
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Kobylarz, E.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2005) Neurophysiological correlates of persistent vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neuropsychol. Rehabil. 15, 323-332.
Abstract amd download

Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2005) The afterlife of Terri Schiavo. Hastings Cent Rep. 35, 8.

Laureys, S., Owen, A.M., and Schiff, N.D. (2004) Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders. Lancet Neurol. 3, 537-546.
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Kobylarz, E.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2004) Functional imaging of severely brain-injured patients: progress, challenges, and limitations. Arch. Neurol. 61, 1357-1360.
Introduction, editorial perspective, and download

Plum, F. and Schiff, N.D. (2003) Disorders of Consciousness. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Macmillan: London.
Summary and download

Schiff, N.D., Ribary, U., Moreno-Rodriguez, D., Beattie, B., Kronberg, E., Blasberg, R., Giacino, J., McCagg, C., Fins, J., Llinas, R. and Plum, F. (2002) Residual cerebral activity and behavioural fragments can remain in the persistently vegetative brain. Brain 125, 1210-1234
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Schiff, N.D and Purpura, K.P. (2002) Towards a neurophysiological foundation for cognitive neuromodulation through deep brain stimulation. Thalamus and Related Systems 2, 55-69.
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Schiff, N.D. and Plum, F. (2002) Possible relationships of anesthetic coma and pathological disorders of consciousness. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience: Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia Edited by Josph F. Antognini et al. Humana Press.
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Schiff, N.D., Plum, F. and Rezai, A.R. (2002) Developing prosthetics to treat cognitive disabilities resulting from acquired brain injuries. Neurological Research 24, 116-124.
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Repucci, M.A., Schiff, N.D. and Victor, J.D. (2001) General strategy for hierarchical decomposition of multivariate time series: implications for temporal lobe seizures. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 29, 1135-49.
Abstract, download, and access to software

Schiff, N.D. and Plum, F. (2000) The role of arousal and "gating" systems in the neurology of impaired consciousness. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 17, 438-452.
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Davey, M.P., Victor, J.D., and Schiff, N.D. (2000) Power spectra and coherence in the EEG of a vegetative patient with severe asymmetric brain damage. Clinical Neurophysiology 111, 1949-1954.
Abstract, key figures, and download

Schiff, N.D., Rezai, A.R., Plum, F. (2000) A neuromodulation strategy for rational therapy of complex brain injury states. Neurol. Res. 22, 267-272.
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Schiff, N.D. (moderator), Fins, J.J., Giacino, J.T., Levine, B., Menon, D., and Owen, A.M. (2000) Persistent vegetative state: A debate. In HMS Beagle: The BioMedNet Magazine (http://ny.hmsbeagle.com/hmsbeagle/72/viewpts/overview.htm), Issue 72 (Feb. 18).
Link to Web Debate

Schiff, N.D. (2000) Interview: Comments on a case of recovery after prolonged unresponsiveness.
(advance approximately 1:45 into this RealAudio file)

Fins, J.J., and Schiff, N.D. (2000) Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury. Journal of the American Medical Association 283, 2392.
Abstract and download (with reply)

Schiff, N.D., and Plum, F. (1999) Web Forum: The Neurology of Impaired Consciousness. Global disorders and implied models. (http://athena.english.vt.edu/cgi-bin/netforum/nic/a/34--1.2.1)
Link to Web Forum

Schiff, N.D., and Pulver, M. (1999) Does vestibular stimulation activate thalamocortical mechanisms that reintegrate impaired cortical regions? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B266, 421-423.
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Schiff, N.D. (1999) Commentary: neurobiology, suffering, and unconscious brain states. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 17, 303-304.
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Schiff, N.D., and Plum, F. (1999) Cortical function in the persistent vegetative state. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3, 43-44.
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Schiff, N.D., Labar, D.R., and Victor, J.D. (1999) Common dynamics in temporal lobe seizures and absence seizures. Neuroscience 91, 417-428.
Abstract and key figure

Schiff, N.D., Ribary, U., Plum, F., and Llinas, R. (1999) Words without mind. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, 650-656.
Abstract

Plum, F., Schiff, N., Ribary, U., and Llinas, R. (1998) Coordinated expression in chronically unconscious persons. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B353, 1929-1933.
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Purpura, K.P., and Schiff, N.D. (1997) The thalamic intralaminar nuclei: A role in visual awareness. The Neuroscientist 3, 8-15.
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